Research & analysis

Scattered Sources → Research Brief

The problem

You have twelve tabs open, three PDFs and a deadline. Summarising each one separately gives you twelve summaries and still no answer.

Who it's for
Analysts, Consultants, Students, Marketers
What it produces
A one-page brief: answer, evidence, disagreements between sources, confidence level, and what is still unknown.
What you need
The question you actually need answered; 3–15 sources (links, PDFs, notes)
Tools
Gemini · Claude · ChatGPT · NotebookLM
Level
Intermediate
Format
5 steps · Intermediate

The workflow — 5 steps

  1. Step 1

    Write the question as a decision

    Most research fails at the question. Convert 'research X' into 'we need to decide Y, and this is what would change our mind'. Everything downstream gets sharper.

    Rewrite my vague research topic into a decision-shaped question. Topic: {topic}. Output: (1) the decision being made, (2) the specific question that resolves it, (3) three sub-questions, (4) what evidence would change the answer. Challenge my framing if it is too broad.
  2. Step 2

    Extract claims, not summaries

    Process each source into discrete claims with the source attached. Claims can be compared across sources; summaries cannot.

    From this source, extract only CLAIMS relevant to the question "{question}". Format: Claim | Evidence type (data / expert opinion / anecdote / marketing) | Direct quote | Date. Ignore everything not relevant. If the source has no relevant claims, say so.
    
    SOURCE:
    """
    {paste}
    """
  3. Step 3

    Find where the sources disagree

    Feed the combined claim list back and ask specifically for conflicts. Agreement is cheap; the disagreements are where the real analysis lives.

    Here is the combined claim list. Identify: (1) claims multiple independent sources agree on, (2) direct contradictions — show both sides, (3) claims backed by only one source, (4) claims that are marketing rather than evidence. Do not resolve the contradictions yet.
  4. Step 4

    Write the brief with a confidence line

    Force an explicit confidence rating and an 'unknowns' section. A brief without stated uncertainty is a brief that will embarrass you later.

    Write a one-page brief: (1) Answer in two sentences, (2) Three strongest supporting points with sources, (3) The strongest counter-argument, (4) Confidence: high/medium/low with why, (5) What we still do not know and how we would find out. No hedging language elsewhere.
  5. Step 5

    Stress-test before you send it

    Run one adversarial pass. This catches over-claiming and single-source dependencies before a colleague does.

    Act as a sceptical reviewer who disagrees with this brief. Name every over-claim, every conclusion resting on a single source, and every place I have confused correlation with causation. Be blunt.

What changes when you run it

Before

12 tabs, 3 PDFs, four hours of reading and a summary that restates each source in turn.

After

A one-page brief with a stated answer, the two places sources contradict each other, a medium-confidence rating and three named unknowns.

Free prompts used in this workflow

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